Systems and methods for monitoring conditions

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for monitoring conditions are provided. A system can comprise a plurality of wireless transmitters and a plurality of repeaters. At least one wireless transmitter can be integrated into an alarm. The repeaters can be dispersed throughout a region at defined locations. The system can also include a computer to receive information communicated from the repeaters and the transmitters. The computer can include software for evaluating received information, identifying an alarm condition and an originating location of the alarm condition, and for reporting the alarm condition to a remote location. Other embodiments are also claimed and described.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND PRIORITY CLAIM

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/758,590, filed Apr. 12, 2010, and entitled “Systems and Methods for Monitoring and Controlling Remote Devices”, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/159,768, filed Jun. 23, 2005, and entitled “System and Method for Monitoring and Controlling Remote Devices”, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,697,492, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/812,044, filed Mar. 19, 2001, and entitled “System and Method for Monitoring and Controlling Remote Devices”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,914,893. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/812,044 is a continuation-in-part of: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/704,150, filed Nov. 1, 2000, and entitled “System and Method for Monitoring and Controlling Residential Devices”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,891,838; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/271,517, filed Mar. 18, 1999, and entitled, “System For Monitoring Conditions in a Residential Living Community”, now abandoned; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/439,059, filed Nov. 12, 1999, and entitled, “System and Method for Monitoring and Controlling Remote Devices”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,437,692; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/102,178, filed Jun. 22, 1998, and entitled, “Multi-Function General Purpose Transceiver”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,430,268; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/172,554, filed Oct. 14, 1998, and entitled, “System for Monitoring the Light Level Around an ATM”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,028,522; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/412,895, filed Oct. 5, 1999, and entitled, “System and Method for Monitoring the Light Level Around an ATM”, now Pat. No. 6,218,953. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/812,044 also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/224,043, filed Aug. 9, 2000, and entitled “SOS OEA Packet Message Protocol (RF)”. Each of the above-identified applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties as if fully set forth below.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention generally relates to monitoring systems, and more particularly to a computerized system for monitoring emergency, alarm, climate, or other conditions in a defined territory.

BACKGROUND

There are a variety of systems for monitoring patients in, for example, a hospital or other closely controlled personal care facility. Similar systems are known to be implemented in retirement communities, or other residential living communities where patient care and monitoring is essential. In facilities such as these, it is important to provide a fast response to personal needs. For example, if a crippled or elderly person falls, often that person cannot get up under their own power. Instead, the person requires assistance from others under such situations.

There are well known patient call systems, which employ an intercom system or other patient-activated call system. Typically, in these systems, a patient may depress a button, pull a cord, or perform some other similar activity to initiate a call for assistance. Unfortunately, these systems generally have fixed activation points. That is, these systems employ mechanisms by which a patient may request assistance, only after reaching a fixed and predetermined location. For instance, a “call” button may be provided on the wall in a bathroom location, as well as one or two other locations within the person's living area. If the person falls, then the person must usually crawl to or otherwise reach the “call” button in order to request assistance. Obviously, if the person falls a substantial distance away from the “call” button, reaching the button presents a difficult task.

Another known conventional system providing patients with more convenient access for requesting assistance is the “Life Call” system. This system allowed a person to wear a wireless call unit that included a button that a person could depress to request assistance. This system was generally designed, or targeted, for use outside a patient-care facility. This system was specifically intended for in-home personal use, and included a base unit that was interfaced to a telephone line. The call unit worn by the patient transmitted a signal to the base unit, which could then initiate a telephone call to a facility that could provide medical or other appropriate response. The “Life Call” system also included an intercom that allowed the person, once a telephone connection was established, to verbally communicate from the person's remote transmitter to a remote location by way of the base unit. A disadvantage of this type of system, however, is that the system is limited in that if a patient travels too far from the base unit, then the remote transmitter becomes out of range and cannot access the base unit.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is generally directed to a system for monitoring a variety of environmental and/or other conditions within a defined region. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, a system is configured to monitor alarm conditions in a defined area. The system is implemented by using a plurality of wireless transmitters, wherein each wireless transmitter can be integrated into an alarm. The term “alarm” is to be broadly construed and can include, but is not limited to, a smoke alarm, a carbon monoxide detector, a security system, and a climate control system. The system can also include a plurality of repeaters dispersed throughout the region at defined locations. Defined locations are meant to include that the location of the repeaters are known. A central computer may be informed of the repeater locations after installation of the repeaters, as the installation locations of the repeaters is not limited. Further, the system can also include a computer to receive information communicated from the repeaters. The computer can further include evaluating means for evaluating the received information, identifying an alarm condition, and an originating location of the alarm condition. The computer can further include reporting means for reporting the alarm condition to a remote location.

Consistent with various embodiments of the invention, the evaluating “means” for evaluating the received information and the reporting “means” for reporting the alarm condition are not limited to a particular embodiment or configuration. These “means” are preferably implemented in software that is executed by a processor within a computer. Dedicated circuitry, hardware, or other appropriate evaluating and reporting mechanisms however may also be used to carry out the more broadly defined functions. For example, in a preferred embodiment, a computer reports alarm conditions to a remote facility by establishing a dial-up connection with a predefined phone number across the public switched telephone network (PSTN). In another embodiment, a computer reports alarm conditions to a remote facility by communicating an email message, via the Internet, or other computer network. The computer may be connected to a LAN, whereby alarm conditions may be communicated via email messages to various persons/workstations locally.

By way of illustration, suppose an alarm condition is identified as an improper thermostat setting of the thermostat that is located in an identified room of a residential living complex. The computer may email a staff or maintenance person that may be near to that room an appropriate message, so that the staff or maintenance person can check on the thermostat, before the temperature in the room reaches an unacceptable level. Alternatively, suppose an alarm condition is identified as an “emergency” or distress signal from a transmitter assigned to a predetermined person. The computer may evaluate the transmitter number to identify the particular person, and then may identify the approximate location of the person by evaluating the repeater identification number and knowing the installation location of the repeater. The computer may relay by page, alarm, or other means an appropriate distress call to assist a person in need of assistance.

In certain embodiments, the repeaters may be eliminated from the system; specifically, embodiments in which the transmitters are integrated into an alarm in a stationary fashion. In such embodiments, the computer may identify a transmitter location based upon the transmitter identification number alone, and the repeater identification need not be utilized. Alternatively, repeaters may be integrated into various alarms having fixed or known locations. That is, rather than integrating transmitters into alarm devices, repeaters may be integrated into alarm devices.

The repeaters may be configured to perform the repeater function as described above (i.e., relaying information from transmitters to a central computer). In addition, other circuitry may be provided to directly interface with the alarm. Therefore, in addition to relaying information originating a remote transmitters, this type of repeater may also originate “transmitter” information. At the central computer, such a transmission may be recognized by identifying the repeater identification number and an alarm code, without a corresponding transmitter identification number. Therefore, a system may include some alarm devices that include integrated transmitters, and other alarm devices that include integrated repeaters.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a system may be provided for monitoring conditions in a residential living community. This embodiment may include a computer that is configured to execute at least one computer program to manage the environment of the community by monitoring select information that is reported to the computer. The system can also include a plurality of wireless transmitters to transmit select information. Further, the system can include a plurality of repeaters dispersed throughout the community at defined locations. Each repeater can be configured to receive select information transmitted from a nearby wireless transmitter and further communicate that select information to the computer. The computer can also include communicating means for communicating the received information to a remote facility, as well as evaluating means for evaluating a received message and determining an appropriate course of action. Again, “means” elements are preferably implemented in computer software, but are not intended to be limiting to only such an implementation.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment, a system according to the present invention may include a computer to execute at least one computer program to manage the environment of the community by monitoring select information. The system can also include a plurality of wireless transmitters to transmit select information as well as transmitter identification numbers a relatively limited distance. At least one transmitter may be a totable transmitter, at least one transmitter may be integrated into a smoke detector, and at least one transmitter may be integrated into a thermostat. In addition, the system can include a plurality of repeaters dispersed throughout the community. Each repeater can receive select information transmitted from a nearby wireless transmitter, communicate that select information to the computer, and each repeater can transmit a repeater identification number along with the select information. A circuit may be configured as a gateway between the computer and an external telecommunications network.

The system may also include a computer program executed by the computer. In an embodiment, the computer program may include a first code segment, a second code segment, a third code segment, and a fourth code segment. The first code segment can evaluate a received message and identifying a specific transmitter that transmitted the message. The second code segment can evaluate the received message and identify a specific repeater that relayed the message from the specific transmitter to the computer. The third code segment can evaluate the select information transmitted from a transmitter and embedded within the received message. The fourth code segment can determine an action to be taken based upon the select information, the identified transmitter, and the identified repeater.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, an environmental management system to communicate environmental management data can comprise a plurality of wireless transmitters to transmit information, and a plurality of repeaters to receive information transmitted from one of the wireless transmitters. The transmitters can access any of the repeaters such that the repeaters are not individually associated with the transmitters. Conventional systems do not possess such a feature and require a one-to-one relationship between repeaters and transmitters. In addition, the transmitters do not have a one-to-one relationship with the repeaters which enables any of the transmitters to access any of the repeaters. Preferably at least one transmitter is a totable transmitter, and at least one transmitter is integrated into a smoke detector, and at least one transmitter is integrated into a thermostat.

The system can further comprise a computer and a gateway. The repeaters can communicate the information to the computer and the computer can execute a program to monitor information provided to the computer from the repeaters. The gateway can receive information from the computer and provide the information to a network via a WAN. Also, the gateway can be at least one of a modem to establish a dial-up connection with a remote computer, a network card to communicate across a local area network, a network card to communicate across a WAN, an ISDN card, and a circuit to communicate via TCP/IP protocol over the Internet. The computer program can comprise a first segment to evaluate a message and identify a specific transmitter that transmitted the message; a second segment to evaluate the message and identify a specific repeater that relayed the message from the specific transmitter to the computer; a third segment to evaluate the information and the message transmitted from a transmitter; and a fourth segment to determine an action to be taken based upon the information, the identified transmitter, and the identified repeater.

The transmitters and repeaters of the system can also have various characteristics. For example, at least one of the wireless transmitters can transmit and receive a radio-frequency signal, and at least one repeater can receive and transmit a radio-frequency signal. In addition, at least one repeater can transmit a radio-frequency signal having a different modulation than the RF signal received by the at least one repeater. The transmitters can also include a microphone, a speaker, and a transceiver for communicating information to the computer. In addition, the transmitter information can include data associated with a personal transmitter, a smoke detector, a security alarm, and a thermostat, and repeater indicia includes repeater location information.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a system to manage an environment comprises a computer to execute at least one program to manage the environment by monitoring information provided to the computer, a plurality of wireless transmitters, and a plurality of repeaters dispersed throughout the environment. The repeaters can be configured to receive information transmitted from one of the wireless transmitters, and communicate the information to the computer. The transmitters can access any of the repeaters such that the repeaters are not individually associated with one of the transmitters. The system can also include a gateway to receive the information from the computer and transmit the information to a remote location via a WAN. At least one of the repeaters can also include an alarm device to detect an alarm condition, the at least one repeater being adapted to transmit the alarm condition to the computer. The alarm device can be a smoke detector, a carbon monoxide detector, a carbon dioxide detector, a thermostat, or a security sensor.

In still yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, an environmental management system for a residential living community can comprise a computer, wireless transmitters, repeaters, a gateway, and a computer program. The computer can be configured to execute at least one computer program that manages the environment of the community by monitoring select information that is reported to the computer. The wireless transmitters can be configured to transmit select information as well as transmitter identification numbers a relatively limited distance. The transmitters can be totable, and can be integrated into a smoke detector, and at least one transmitter is integrated into a thermostat. In addition, the transmitters can access any of the repeaters and thus are not dedicated to a single repeater or have a one-to-one relationship with a single repeater.

The repeaters can be dispersed throughout the community at defined locations. Each repeater can be configured to receive select information that is transmitted from a nearby wireless transmitter and further communicate that select information to the computer. Each repeater can be further configured to transmit a repeater identification number along with the select information. In addition, the circuit can be configured as a gateway between the computer and an external telecommunications network.

The computer program can be executed by the computer and can comprise various segments. For example, a first segment can evaluate a received message and identify a specific transmitter that transmitted the message, and a second segment can evaluate the received message and identify a specific repeater that relayed the message from the specific transmitter to the computer. Also, a third segment can evaluate the select information transmitted from a transmitter and embedded within the received message. In addition, a fourth segment responsive to the first, second, and third segments can determine an action to be taken based upon the select information, the identified transmitter, and the identified repeater.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate different environments in which a transmitter unit may be integrated within in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 3A-3D are block diagrams illustrating certain functional components of a transmitter in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating certain functional components of a repeater in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating certain other components of a repeater in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating certain physical components of a central computer in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating certain functional components of a central computer in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a top-level functional operation of a system in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention; and

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a top-level functional operation of a system constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawings, reference is made to FIG. 1, which is a diagram illustrating certain fundamental components of a system 100 in accordance with one preferred embodiment of the present invention. The system 100 can include a plurality of transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108. These transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108 are preferably RF (Radio Frequency) transmitters that are relatively small in size and transmit a relatively low power RF signal. The transmission range of a given transmitter 102, 104, 106, and 108 is preferably relatively limited in some embodiments. As will be appreciated from the description that follows, this relatively limited transmission range of the transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108 is an advantageous and desirable characteristic of the system 100. Although the transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108 are depicted as including a keypad, in certain embodiments of the invention the transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108 may include many types of user interfaces. In other embodiments, the transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108 may not include any external buttons at all. Instead, the transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108 may be electrically integrated into another device, such as a smoke detector, a thermostat or a security system, where external buttons are not needed.

The system 100 also includes a plurality of repeaters 110, 112, and 114. Each repeater 110, 112, and 114 is configured to receive an incoming RF transmission and to transmit an outgoing signal. This outgoing signal may be a high power RF transmission signal, or an electrical signal over a conductive wire, fiber optic cable, or some other transmission medium. The internal architecture of a representative transmitter 102 and repeater 110 will be discussed in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 3 and 4. As will also be described in more detail below, the repeaters 110, 112, and 114 may be stand alone devices or be integrated into an alarm device, such as a smoke detector, a security system, or a thermostat, for example.

The system 100 also includes a processor, preferably a computer 120. The computer 120 is disposed to receive communications from the various repeaters, 110, 112, and 114, analyze the transmissions so received, and carry out any appropriate operations. The computer 120 may communicate information or service requests to remote locations, such as a remote facility 122, via a connection 130, for example a direct dial link over the PSTN 130, or via a TCP/IP connection across the Internet 130.

The system 100 may be used in a variety of environments. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, a system 100 such as that illustrated in FIG. 1 may be employed in a retirement community. The system 100 may be implemented in a manner to provide universal monitoring, control of residents, and control systems within the community. For example, an RF transmitter 102 may be worn or carried by each resident within the community (see FIG. 2A). If at any time the resident 103 is in need of medical assistance, the resident 103 may signal for such assistance by simply pressing a button provided on the transmitter 102. This request for assistance may be communicated from the transmitter 102 to a nearby repeater 110 (see FIG. 1). The repeater 110 may then further communicate this information to a central computer 120.

Since the transmitter unit 102 is preferably wireless, it may be toted about without restriction or limitation. In addition, the transmitter 102 may be configured to communicate encoded information that identifies the transmission as being a request for assistance, as well as transmitting information that identifies the particular person in possession of the transmitter 102. The repeater 110 may receive and further communicate this information to the computer 120. The repeater 110 may also add a repeater identification number to the information it communicates. The computer 120 may evaluate the repeater identification number to ascertain the proximate location of the transmitter 102. This evaluation will assist personnel in rapidly locating the individual in need of assistance.

Once this proximate location information has been ascertained, the computer 120 may summons the appropriate personnel to provide assistance, in any of a variety of manners. For example, one manner may be to alert one or more persons by way of a direct dial telephone connection across the PSTN 130 where a request for assistance may be communicated to a remote location by dialing a predetermined phone number. In another manner, the computer 120 can communicate this information to one or more remote locations via the Internet 130 or a WAN. In one embodiment, for example, a server may be provided in connection with the computer 120 to maintain a constant connection to the Internet, so that a request issued there-across may be done so rapidly, without the delay associated with the normal start-up and connection. Alternatively, for intermittent requests, a constant connection need not be maintained to the Internet.

In accordance with one implementation of a system constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment, the computer 120 may communicate emergency request information to a centralized remote facility 122. Such a centralized facility 122 may be configured to receive such requests from a plurality of different retirement communities, or other locations. Upon receiving requests for assistance, an operator at the remote facility 122 may then contact the appropriate personnel at a given community (the community requesting assistance). Such an implementation eliminates the need for each individual community to employ a full-time operator to monitor requests that come across the computer 120.

In accordance with another implementation of a system constructed in accordance with the invention, the computer 120 may be configured to issue a page to personnel in response to the request for assistance. For example, consider a vertically-integrated retirement community comprising a high-rise apartment building having many floors. There may be one or more staff individuals, at a given time, stationed on each floor. If the repeater 110, through which a request for assistance is transmitted, is located on, for example, the seventeenth floor, then the computer 120 may page a designated staff person (or office) located on the seventeenth floor, to relay the request for assistance. This page may be by way of an intercom system, a remote paging unit (e.g., a personal pager), or otherwise. The information transmitted with the page may include (as will be further described below) the identification and/or description of the person needing emergency assistance.

In accordance with the universality of the embodiments of the present invention, transmitter units 102, 104, 106, and 108 may be electrically integrated into various equipment, as well as being toted by individuals. For example, a transmitter 104, similar to transmitter 102, may be integrated into a smoke detector (see FIG. 2B), in such a way that an alarm condition from the smoke detector 105 may initiate a transmission from the transmitter 104 in much the same way that the user 103 (FIG. 2A) could initiate a transmission from the transmitter 102 by depressing a button. Like the events described above, the transmitter 104 may transmit a transmitter identification number, as well as a transmitter code, to a nearby repeater 112 (FIG. 1). The repeater 112 may then add to this transmission a repeater identification number conveying location information to the computer 120. It will be appreciated that integrating a transmitter 104 into a smoke detector 105 in this fashion enables smoke detectors 105 to be installed in a variety of locations, without having to be pre-wired into a particular location. Furthermore, for smoke detectors 105 that have been prewired with a power source, additional communication lines need not be prewired, as communications from the smoke detector 105 may be communicated via RF to a nearby repeater 112. Upon receiving a transmission that the computer 120 identifies as being a smoke alarm, the computer may communicate a request to a remote facility, such as a nearby fire station, as well as alerting staff persons on the premises of the emergency situation, so that corrected action may be taken immediately.

In yet another embodiment, a wireless transmitter 106 may be integrated into a climate control system 107. Specifically, the transmitter 106 may be integrated into a thermostat 107 in such a way that it periodically transmits the settings of the thermostat 107, as well as the sensed temperature to the computer 120 (See FIG. 2C). This information may be sent and identified by a transmitter code indicating only routine information. If, however, the temperature controls on the thermostat 107 are set to extreme temperatures, the transmitter code transmitted to the computer 120 may be different, so as to demand a higher priority of response.

Alternatively, a first transmitter code may be communicated for the temperature settings, and a different transmitter code may be communicated based upon temperature readings. In such an embodiment, the computer 120 may, based upon the transmitted code, make the ultimate determination as to the priority to assess a given transmission. It will be appreciated that, particularly in retirement communities having elderly and perhaps infirmed people, the thermostat settings may be inadvertently set to inappropriate levels. Utilizing the transmission capabilities of the present invention, such settings may be closely monitored so that appropriate personnel may be summoned to rectify a problem, before the temperature reaches extreme levels. In the past, one alternative solution to this problem has simply been to limit the ability of persons within such a community to exercise independent control over thermostats within their room or living area. A system in accordance with the present invention overcomes the shortcomings, while providing control and flexibility to the residents within the community.

In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present invention, a transmitter 108 may be integrated into a residential security system. For example, the transmitter 108 may be integrated within a sensor (not shown), such as the type that may sense a window 109 (see FIG. 2D). Integrating the transmitter 108 in this way, into either a window sensor, door sensor, a motion detector, or other security sensor, allows the system 100 to provide more comprehensive information and monitoring capability. Furthermore, a central monitoring facility 122 can be utilized to monitor a variety of emergency or other conditions that may arise, providing a more cost effective system implementation. Moreover, in older structures, where security wiring may not be prewired into windows and doors, the wireless transmitter 108 allows for ready adaptation of a window, door, or other structure, without having to undertake the expense of routing security wiring throughout the structure.

The various transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108 may have substantially identical construction (particularly with regard to their internal electronics). Such construction provides a cost effective implementation at the system level. Furthermore, a plurality of repeaters 110, 112, and 114, which may be identical, can be disposed throughout a complex providing adequate coverage in a complex or community. Preferably, the repeaters, 110, 112, and 114 may be dispersed so that only one repeater 110, 112, and 114 will pick up a transmission from a given transmitter 102, 104, 106, and 108 (due in part to the low power transmission nature of each transmitter). In certain instances, however, two, or even more, repeaters 110, 112, and 114 may receive a single transmission from the transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108. Thus, the computer 120 may receive multiple requests from the same transmitter 102, 140, 106, and 108, but from different repeaters 110, 112, and 114. The computer 120 may utilize this information to triangulate, or otherwise more particularly assess the location from which the transmission is originating.

In accordance with another preferred embodiment, repeaters 110,112, and 114 may be integrated into alarm devices like the smoke alarm 105 (of FIG. 2B), the thermostat 107 (of FIG. 2C) or the security system (of FIG. 2D). The advantage of integrating a repeater, as opposed to a transmitter, into an alarm device relates to the ability of the repeater to receive incoming information, as opposed to merely transmitting information.

The central computer 100 may communicate back to the repeaters 110, 112, and 114 in some embodiment of the present invention. For example, in a repeater that is integrated into an alarm device, such as a thermostat, the repeater may communicate thermostat settings and/or temperature readings to the central computer 100. If the central computer 100 determines that the setting and/or readings exceed certain predetermined values, it may page an attendant or other service personnel to attend to the thermostat. Alternatively, the computer 100 may communicate (via RF or otherwise) a message back to the repeater, which may be configured to assume, or override, control of the thermostat.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3A, which is a block diagram illustrating certain functional components of a transmitter 102. The transmitter 102 can be worn or carried by a person. Blocks 202, 204, and 206 represent physical buttons, which a user may actuate to cause the transmitter 102 to initiate different transmissions. For example, these include a “test” button 202, a “wake-up” button 204, and a panic or “emergency” button 206. Of course, additional, fewer, or different buttons may be provided on a given transmitter, depending upon the system or implementation desired. Each of these buttons 202, 204, and 206 may be electrically wired to an interface circuit 208 configured to receive electrical signals from the buttons 202, 204, and 206, and convey that information to a data formatter 210. In an embodiment, the interface circuit 208 may simply comprise an addressable port that may be read by the data formatter 210.

Each of the signal lines extending between the buttons and the interface circuit 208 may be pulled up by individual pull up resistors (not shown). Depressing any of the individual buttons may ground the electrical signal line interconnecting the respective button and the interface circuit 208. The data formatter 210 may constantly read from the port defined by the interface circuit 208, and all bit positions should remain high at any given time, if no buttons are depressed. If, however, the data formatter 210 reads a zero in one or more of the bit positions, it then recognizes that one or more of the buttons 202, 204, and 206 have been depressed.

A controller 212 is also illustrated, and may be provided to control the overall operation of the transmitter 102. The controller 212 may be implemented by dedicated circuitry or, alternatively, may be implemented by a CPU executing software to carry out the various desired functional and features unit.

Each transmitter 102, 104, 106, and 108 may be configured to have a unique identification code (e.g., transmitter identification number) 216, that uniquely identifies the transmitter to the central computer 120. This transmitter identification number 216 may be electrically programmable, and implemented in the form of, for example, an EPROM. Alternatively, the transmitter identification number 216 may be configured through a series of DIP switches. Additional implementations of the transmitter identification number 216, whereby the number may be configured by the computer 120 or the remote facility 122, may be implemented in another embodiment of the present invention.

An additional functional block of the transmitter 102 is an RF transmitter circuit 218. This circuit 218 is used to convert information from digital electronic form into a format, frequency, and voltage level suitable for transmission from antenna 219 via an RF transmission medium.

The data formatter 210 operates under the control of controller 212 to format concise data packets 222 that may be transmitted via RF to a nearby repeater. The information conveyed in the packets 222 can include a transmitter code and a transmitter identification number 216. As previously mentioned, the transmitter identification number 216 is set for a given transmitter 102. When received by the central computer 120, the transmitter identification number 216 may be used to access a look-up table that identifies, for example, the person assigned to carry that particular transmitter 102. Additional information about the person may also be provided within the look-up table, such as, a physical description, and/or any other information that may be deemed appropriate or useful under the circumstances or implementation of the particular system. In addition, a transmitter code can also be communicated from the transmitter 102 to the nearby repeater.

FIG. 3A illustrates a look-up table 220 that may be provided in connection with the data formatter 210. The look-up table 220 may be provided to assign a given and unique transmitter code for each button pressed. For example, the test button 202 may be assigned a first code, the wake-up button 204 may be assigned a second code, and the emergency button 206 may be assigned a third code. Additional codes may be provided as necessary to accommodate additional functions or features of a given transmitter 102. In operation, a user may depress the emergency button 206, which is detected by the data formatter 210. The data formatter 210 may then use the information pertaining to the emergency button 202 to access a look-up table 220 to retrieve a code uniquely assigned to the emergency button 206. The data formatter may also retrieve the preconfigured transmitter identification number 216 in configuring a data packet 222 for communication via RE signals to a nearby repeater.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3B, which is a block diagram illustrating certain functional blocks of a transmitter 104 that may be integrated into a smoke alarm 105. As illustrated, many of the components of the transmitter 104 are similar to that of transmitter 102 and are not repeated for brevity. The principal difference between the configurations of the transmitter 102 of FIG. 3A and the transmitter 104 of FIG. 3B lies at the input of the interface circuit 208. Specifically, transmitter 102 included user interface buttons 202, 204, and 206. Transmitter 104, instead, illustrates a test button 230 and an alarm sensor/output 232. Most smoke detectors/alarms include a button that allows a user to manually test the operation of the smoke alarm. The test button 230 may be input to the interface circuit 208, and may be assigned a unique code (Code 1) for communication to the central computer 120. In similar fashion, an alarm sensor 232 (or other alarm circuitry) may provide an additional input to the interface circuit 208. A unique transmitter code (Code 2) may be assigned to the alarm sensor 232 input. In this way, the data packet 222 communicated from transmitter 104 can contain information enabling a receiving device to distinguish between a manual test of the smoke alarm and an actual alarm of the smoke alarm.

In one embodiment, if an alarm output is directed to the interface circuit 208, then upon a manual test by depressing test button 230, signals from both the test button 230, as well as the alarm sensor 232 may be input to the interface circuit 208. Thus, two data packets 222 may be communicated from the transmitter 104. One data packet 222 may include the transmitter code associated with the test button 230, while a second data packet 222 may include the transmitter code associated with the alarm sensor 232. In such a configuration, the central computer 120 could readily discern that the alarm sensor 232 was triggered in response to a manual test. The central computer 120 could also detect improper operation of a smoke alarm if, for example, it received a data packet 222 indicating depression of the test button 230, but did not receive a corresponding packet indicating activation of the alarm. Additional and/or alternative configurations may also be provided. For example, a similar configuration may be provided for a transmitter integrated into, for example, a carbon monoxide detector.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3C, which is a block diagram similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 3A and FIG. 3B. The transmitter 106 is a type that can be integrated into a thermostat 107 (see FIG. 2C). In this embodiment, the interface circuit 208 may include multiple inputs such as a temperature control 240 (i.e., temperature set value), and an actual temperature reading 242 from a thermister out or other temperature measuring device. Other manual controls may be input to the interface circuit as well, including the value from the system On/Off switch 244, and the value of the switch indicating whether heat, fan, or AC has been selected by the thermostat control 246. In addition, depending upon the specific implementation, other controls may be provided as well. Each of these various input sources are routed to the interface circuit 208 which provides the information to a data formatter 210. The data formatter 210 may utilize a look-up table 220 to access unique transmitter codes that may be communicated in a packet 222, via RF, to convey certain information to a computer 120. Alternatively, actual temperature values may be transmitted (as operands) to a code, which would indicate that the operand value may be a temperature reading. In general, the operation of a transmitter 106 is similar to that described in connection with the transmitter 102 illustrated in FIG. 3A.

Reference is now made to FIG. 3D, which is a block diagram similar to those illustrated in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C. The transmitter 108 illustrated in FIG. 3D is a transmitter which may be integrated with a security alarm system. An alarm signal from alarm 250 may be routed to the interface circuit 208, and may be associated with a transmitter code for transmission to the central computer 120. Depending upon the type of alarm system and the configuration desired, additional or different inputs may be provided to the interface circuit.

Reference is now made to FIG. 4A, which is a block diagram illustrating certain principal components within a repeater 110 of a system 100 (see FIG. 1) constructed in accordance with the present invention. As previously mentioned, a repeater 110 includes a receiver 302 to receive an incoming RF signal, and a transmitter 304 to transmit an outgoing signal to the central computer 120. The transmitter 304 may be configured for communicating an RF transmission signal, or alternatively for communicating an electrical signal over a conductive wire, a fiber optic cable, or other transmission medium. If the repeater 110 is configured for communicating an RF output signal, such an RF signal would be of a higher power than the RF signal transmitted from the transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108. The repeaters 110, 112, and 114 would, therefore, have a greater transmission distance than the transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108. It should be appreciated that the modulation scheme employed on the repeater transmitter 304 can be different than that employed on the remote transmitters 102, 104, 106, and 108, so that an RF transmission from a repeater would not be received up by another repeater. The repeater 110 can also include a data formatter 306 for formatting an outgoing message. A centralized controller and other circuitry may also be included as part of the repeater 110, but need not be shown or described herein, as the implementation of such circuitry would be well within the understanding of a person having ordinary skill in the art.

The data formatter 306 takes the received signal, which includes a transmitter code and a transmitter identification number 308, and adds an additional portion of information that includes a repeater identification number 308. The repeater identification number 308 may be provided by way of a programmable memory location, a series of DIP switches, or other mechanisms 308. Indeed, the repeater identification number 308 may be implemented on the repeater in much the same way that the transmitter identification number 308 is implemented on the transmitters, and as was described in connection with FIG. 3A. Therefore, a data packet 310 is created by the repeater 110 for further communication to the central computer 120 (see FIG. 1).

Reference is now made to FIG. 4B, which illustrates certain other features of a repeater constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For purposes of illustration, many components have been illustrated in a fashion similar to that of FIG. 4A. Additional functional blocks illustrated in FIG. 4B include an alarm device 312 (such as a thermostat, smoke alarm, or security system), an alarm interface circuit 314, and a controller 316. In operation, the repeater 110 may communicate a variety of information to the central computer 120, including a repeater identification number, a transmitter identification number 308 (this may be a number identifying an alarm device), and a transmit code. In addition, the computer 120 may communicate certain information back to the repeater 110, including a repeater identification number and an alarm control code. Of course, additional or different information may be communicated back to the repeater 310, depending upon the particular embodiment.

As previously mentioned, a receiver 302 within a repeater 310 may continuously monitor for transmissions. The repeater 310 may be configured to monitor transmissions to identify its internal identification number, which may signal to the repeater 310 that a given transmission is intended uniquely for it. In addition, an alarm control code may also be communicated to the repeater 310. Thereafter, a controller 316 may be configured to control the alarm device 312, via alarm interface circuit 314, in accordance with the command encoded in the alarm control code. For example, one control code may be interpreted by the controller 316 to override the manual temperature setting on the alarm device 312. Another alarm code may deactivate an audible alarm on an alarm device, such as a smoke alarm. Additional or different alarm codes may be utilized in the various embodiments of the present invention. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the alarm interface circuit 314 may be uniquely configured to interface with a specialized alarm device 312. The interface circuit 314, therefore, may differ from repeater to repeater, depending upon the alarm device 312 that is interfaced. Implementation of the interface circuit 314 will be understood by persons skilled in the art, and need not be described herein. The controller 316 may utilize a look-up table or other mechanism to decode and/or interpret the alarm control code.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5A, which is a block diagram illustrating certain primary physical components that may be provided within the central computer 120. These include a receiver 320, a CPU 322, a memory 324, a network card 326, a modem 328, an ISDN card 330, and other components not illustrated. The receiver 320 can receive an incoming signal, whether the signal is received via RF signaling, conductive wire, fiber optic cable, or otherwise. The receiver 320 may then format the received signal for digital storage and store the information within memory 324. Program code within the memory 324 may also be provided and configured for controlling the operation of a CPU 322 to carry out the various functions that are orchestrated and/or controlled by the computer 120. For example, the memory 324 may include program code for controlling the operation of the CPU 322 to evaluate an incoming data packet to determine what action needs to be taken. Look-up tables 326 may also be stored within memory 324 to assist in evaluating an incoming data packet or controlling CPU operation. Transmitter codes, transmitter identification numbers, and/or repeater identification numbers may all be stored with associated information within look-up tables 325.

Thus, one look-up table may be provided to associate transmitter identification numbers with a particular user. Another look-up table may be used to associate transmitter codes with the interpretation thereof. For example, a unique code may be associated by a look-up table to identify functions such as test, temperature, smoke alarm active, or security system breach. In connection with the look-up tables 325, the memory 324 may also include a plurality of code (software) segments that are executed by the CPU 322, and which largely control the operation of the computer 120. For example, a first code segment 332 may be provided to access a first look-up table to determine the identity of the transmitter which transmitted the received message. A second code segment 334 may be provided to access a second look-up table to determine the proximate location of the transmitter, by identifying the repeater that relayed the message. A third code segment 336 may be provided to identify the content of the message being transmitted or particular action. Namely, is it a fire alarm, a security alarm, an emergency request by a person, or a temperature control setting. A fourth code segment 338 may be provided to control the appropriate action that is to be carried out, based upon the outcomes of the first three code segments. Additional, fewer, or different code segments may be provided to carryout different functional operations in alternative embodiments.

The computer 120 may also include one or more mechanisms to communicate with remote systems. For example, the computer 120 may include a network card 326 enabling the computer 120 to communicate across a LAN (or WAN) to a network server, which may contain a gateway to the PSTN or Internet. Alternatively, the computer 120 may contain a modem 328 to provide a direct dial link to a remote system utilizing the PSTN 130. The computer 120 may also include an ISDN card 330 to communicate via an ISDN connection with a remote system. Other communication gateways may also be provided.

Reference is now made to FIG. 5B, which is a block diagram illustrating certain functional blocks that may be provided as a part of the computer 120. A receiver 340 may receive an incoming RF data packet 310. Another functional block 342 may be configured to evaluate the various codes of the incoming data packet 310. This functional unit 342 may employ various look-up tables 344, 346, and 348 to retrieve information associated with the various codes communicated as part of the data packet 310. A first look-up table 344 may associate transmitter codes with various actions or functions uniquely identified by the code. For example, a three-digit-hexadecimal code may be provided to cover various transmitter codes. For example, the code 04H may be associated with the function of a wake-up call, which may be carried out by a user depressing a wake-up or call-in button 204 on a user transmitter 102. The transmitter code 83H may be the code indicating a thermometer temperature setting. Numerous other codes may be provided and associated with certain particular functions, which may then be decoded at the central computer 120.

A second look-up table 346 may be provided to associate transmitter identifications. For example, as previously described, each transmitter 102, 104, 106, and 108 is preconfigured with a transmitter identification number 216. In the context of transmitter 102 that can be carried by individuals, the transmitter identification number 216 may be associated with a particular person (by name). Additional information regarding the individual (e.g., physical description) may be provided in the look-up table as well. Other transmitter identification numbers 216 may be associated with equipment, such as a thermostat, a smoke alarm, carbon monoxide detector, or security system. Thus, the unique transmitter identification number 216 informs the central computer 120 as to the origin of the transmission.

A third look-up table 348 may be provided to associate the repeater identification number 308 with a given location. As previously described, repeaters 110, 112, and 114 are disposed throughout a complex, compound, or other area of interest. During the initial configuration, each repeater is configured to have a unique identification number 308. A look-up table 348 may associate these unique identification numbers 308 with a physical location of the repeaters 110, 112, and 114. For example, one repeater may be physically located in an exterior courtyard, while another repeater may be physically located in a seventeenth floor recreation room. The central computer may use the look-up table 348 to identify the location of a repeater receiving an RF transmission.

As shown in FIG. 5B, the look-up tables 344, 346, and 348 effectively provide the “who”, “what”, and “where” for the information that is encoded within the transmitter identification number 216, the transmitter code, and the repeater identification number 308.

Other functions may be provided in connection with the central computer 120. For example, a dial out connection 352 may be established and/or maintained by the computer 120 in response to RF transmissions received by the receiver 340. In an alternative embodiment, the computer 120 may include an Internet gateway and/or server 354 for maintaining an intermittent or constant connection with the Internet or other network. Messaging of certain types of information may be communicated via this gateway 354 and/or dial out connection 352.

Reference is now made to FIG. 6, which is a flow chart illustrating top-level functional operation of a system constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. The system can monitor a receiver for incoming transmissions (402). Once an incoming transmission is received, the system may then access a first look-up table to evaluate a transmitter identification code to determine the transmitter origin of the communication (404). Next, the system may access a second look-up table to evaluate a transmitter code to ascertain the purpose or function of the transmission (406). Finally, the system may access a third look-up table to evaluate a repeater identification number, to ascertain the proximate location of the originating transmission (408). Thereafter, the system may initiate and take whatever action is deemed appropriate (410).

There are numerous actions that may be deemed appropriate, depending upon the transmitter identification number, the transmitter code, and repeater identification number. For example, if the transmitter identification code indicates that the transmission is due in response to an alarm condition at a smoke alarm, the appropriate action may be to establish a dial up connection with a local fire department (412). In addition, if the system ascertained that the location of the smoke alarm (based upon the repeater identification number) was the seventh floor of a building structure, this information may also be communicated to the fire department, as this would inform them that trucks with extension ladders, buckets, or other access devices may be needed. If the transmitter identification number and transmitter code indicated that a security breach had occurred, then the corrective action may be to alert local law enforcement officers (414) and/or a private security service. If the transmitter identification number and transmitter code indicated that a person was requesting emergency assistance, then the corrective action may be to dial out to contact emergency personnel, or initiate a page for personnel on site to respond (416). Such a page or dial out may further include location information, so that persons responding to the distress signal would know the approximate location of the person in need of assistance. If the transmitter identification number and transmitter code indicated that the message where a response to a thermostat control setting being placed at an impermissible setting, then the emergency action may be simply to disengage that climate control unit, or perhaps to dispatch (on a non-emergency basis) an onsite person to correct the thermostat setting (418).

Reference is now made to FIG. 7 which is a flow chart illustrating top-level functional operation of one feature of a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention. In the context of a retirement community, or other facility that desirably monitors the activity of residents or patients, the system may be configured to accommodate a morning check. For example, in accordance with one aspect of a preferred embodiment, residents of a retirement community are each assigned a personal transmitter 102. Each morning when a person awakes, that person may depress a “wake-up” or “call-in” button 204 (FIG. 3A). A transmitter code associated with that wake-up button is transmitted, along with the transmitter identification number and repeater identification number to a central computer 120. The computer 120 then verifies that all residents have checked-in by a certain time in the morning.

The system may monitor, periodically, a time clock. After a certain time, for example, 10:00 am. (step 430), the system may access a memory storage area to determine all residents who have depressed their “wake-up” button since the previous day. This would then provide a listing of all people who have checked-in for the morning. This list may be compared against the database of all residents who have been assigned a transmitter 102 (step 432). The system may then evaluate whether all such residents have checked-in for the morning (step 434). If not, the system may print a report of all persons whom have not yet checked-in (step 436). Otherwise, the system may print a report indicating that all persons have checked in for the morning (step 438). These reports may then be forwarded, either by fax, dial-up connection, Internet connection, or simply by printing out on a local printer, to a person for patient or resident verification. Specifically, in the event that a report indicates that certain persons have not checked-in for the day, then an onsite staff person may be paged or otherwise prompted to check on the well being of that particular person.

The foregoing description has illustrated certain fundamental concepts of the invention, but other additions and/or modifications may be made consistent with the inventive concepts of the present invention. For example, in one embodiment a more complex system may employ transmitters having two-way communication capability. In addition to the transmitters conveying information codes in the manner described hereinabove, they may also be adapted to convey voice information Therefore, when a person presses, for example, the emergency button on his/her transmitter, then medical personnel, staff members, or others may respond by communicating via two-way radio with that particular person. Each transmitter may be equipped with a microphone and a speaker enabling the person to communicate information such as their present emergency situation or their specific location.

The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. For example, it should be appreciated that, in some implementations, the transceiver identification number is not necessary to identify the location of the transmitter. Indeed, in implementations where the transmitter is stationarily integrated into an alarm or other system (i.e., the location of the transmitter does not change), then the computer could be configured to identify the transmitter location by the transmitter identification number alone. It will be appreciated that, in embodiments that do not utilize repeaters, the transmitters can be configured to transmit at a high RF power level to effectively communicate with the computer.

As previously mentioned, in an alternative embodiment, the transmitter units may also include an internal transceiver, as opposed to merely a one-way transmitter. This would enable the communication of information from the computer (or other source) to the transmitter units. By way of illustration, but not limitation, totable/handheld transmitter units may include a number of buttons that control various functions. As discussed above, these buttons may include a “Wake-up” button, a “Test” button, and an “Emergency” button. Each of these buttons has a predetermined function. If a transceiver was incorporated into the transmitter units, however, then the central computer could effect a change in the functionality of these buttons, by communicating such information to the transmitter units. Of course, additional circuitry/logic can be incorporated into the transmitter units to monitor for such incoming transmissions.

The embodiment or embodiments discussed were chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly and legally entitled. 

1. In an environmental management system comprising a computer configured to execute at least one computer program that manages an environment of a community by monitoring select information that is reported to the computer, a plurality of repeaters configured to receive wirelessly transmitted select information and transmit the select information and a corresponding repeater identification number to the computer, and a circuit configured as a gateway between the computer and an external telecommunications network, a wireless transmitter in a plurality of wireless transmitters, the wireless transmitter comprising: an interface circuit in electrical communication with at least one input element, the interface circuit configured to receive a signal from the at least one input element, the signal containing information indicative of an operating state associated with the transmitter, the interface circuit configured to convey the information to a data formatter, the data formatter controlled by a controller and configured to format data packets, the data packets comprising the information indicative of the operating state associated with the transmitter; and an RF transmitter circuit configured to transmit the data packets via an RF signal to at least one repeater unit in the plurality of repeater units.
 2. The wireless transmitter of claim 1, further comprising a look-up table comprising at least one unique transmitter code representing the information indicative of the operating state associated with the transmitter, the unique transmitter code corresponding to the at least one input element.
 3. The wireless transmitter of claim 2, wherein the data packets further comprise the unique transmitter code.
 4. The wireless transmitter of claim 1, wherein the data packets further comprise a unique transmitter identification number corresponding to the wireless transmitter.
 5. The wireless transmitter of claim 1, wherein the wireless transmitter is totable by a user.
 6. The wireless transmitter of claim 1, wherein the wireless transmitter is integrated with at least one of a smoke detector, a utility meter, a carbon monoxide detector, a carbon dioxide detector, a temperature sensor, and a security sensor.
 7. In an environmental management system comprising a computer configured to execute at least one computer program that manages an environment of a community by monitoring select information that is reported to the computer, a plurality of wireless transmitters each configured to wirelessly transmit data packets via an RF signal comprising information indicative of an operating state associated with the respective transmitter, and a circuit configured as a gateway between the computer and an external telecommunications network, a repeater in a plurality of repeaters, the repeater comprising: a receiver configured to receive an incoming RF signal from at least one transmitter in the plurality of wireless transmitters, the incoming RF signal comprising a transmitter identification number and transmitter code indicative of an operating state of the transmitter; a data formatter configured to format an outgoing signal, the outgoing signal comprising the transmitter code, the transmitter identification number, and a unique repeater identification number corresponding to the repeater; and a transmitter configured to transmit the outgoing signal to the computer.
 8. The repeater of claim 7, wherein the receiver is configured to continuously monitor for transmissions comprising the unique repeater identification number.
 9. The repeater of claim 7, wherein the repeater is configured to receive an alarm control code from an alarm device.
 10. The repeater of claim 9, further comprising a controller and an alarm interface circuit, wherein the controller is configured to control the alarm device via the alarm interface circuit.
 11. The repeater of claim 9, wherein the repeater is configured to transmit an alarm signal to the computer, the alarm signal comprising the alarm control code and the unique repeater identification number.
 12. The repeater of claim 7, wherein the repeater is integrated into at least one of a smoke detector, a utility meter, a carbon monoxide detector, a carbon dioxide detector, a temperature sensor, and a security sensor.
 13. The repeater of claim 7, wherein the incoming RF signal comprises environmental management data.
 14. In an environmental management system comprising a plurality of wireless transmitters each configured to wirelessly transmit data packets via an RF signal comprising information indicative of an operating state associated with each transmitter the respective transmitter, a plurality of repeaters configured to receive wirelessly transmitted data packets and wirelessly transmit a signal comprising information stored in the data packets and a corresponding repeater identification number, and a circuit configured as a gateway between the environmental management system and an external telecommunications network, a central computer comprising: a receiver configured to receive the signal from at least on repeater in the plurality of repeaters, format the signal for digital storage, and store the formatted signal in a memory, the memory comprising look-up tables, the look-up tables comprising transmitter identification numbers, repeater unit identification numbers, and transmitter codes; and a central processing unit, wherein the memory comprises program code for controlling operation of the central processing unit to evaluate the signal to determine what actions need to be taken.
 15. The central computer of claim 14, wherein the program code comprises: a first segment with instructions to evaluate a message and identify a specific transmitter that transmitted the message; and a second segment with instructions to evaluate the message and identify a specific repeater that relayed the message from the specific transmitter to the computer.
 16. The central computer of claim 15, wherein the program code comprises: a third segment with instructions to evaluate the information and the message transmitted from a transmitter; and a fourth segment with instructions to determine an action to be taken based upon the information, the identified transmitter, and the identified repeater.
 17. The central computer of claim 14, wherein the computer is configured to transmit control information to at least one repeater in the plurality of repeaters.
 18. The central computer of claim 14, wherein the computer is configured to execute a program for managing an environment based upon monitoring information provided to the computer.
 19. The central computer of claim 14, wherein the computer is configured to communicate environmental data to the gateway.
 20. The central computer of claim 19, wherein the computer is configured to communicate the environmental data to the gateway via at least one of a network card, a modem, and an ISDN card. 